Oberliga Süd (1945–63)

The Oberliga Süd (English: Premier league South) was the highest level of the German football league system in the south of Germany from 1945 until the formation of the Bundesliga in 1963. It covered the three states of Bavaria, Baden-Württemberg and Hessen.

Overview

The league was introduced as the highest level of football in the US occupation zone in 1945 to replace the disbanded Gauligen. It played its first round on 4 November 1945 and continued on throughout winter. No less than 16 clubs were elected into the new league, a novelty in German football and quite an achievement in the early post-war conditions.^[1] At this stage, clubs from the south-western parts of Baden and Württemberg were not eligible to compete in it as they were based in the French occupation zone and had to play in the Oberliga Südwest (Südgruppe), where they remained until 1950, when the separation of South and Southwest was made final.^[2] Play in the southern parts of Germany went underway almost straight after the end of the war while the north and east still had to wait some more years. One reason for this was the fact that the less industrial, more agricultural south had sustained much less damage to infrastructure. But there was another specific advantage. The authorities in the U.S. Zone encouraged the relaunch of competitive sports on a regional basis much earlier than this happened in the other zones. Regional (or nationwide) football associations were not tolerated anywhere before 1948. The Oberliga Süd, however, was licenced to a group of private persons, thus being a sort of "independent" league during its first five seasons. It did not join the South German F.A. until 1950.

The clubs in the Oberliga Süd had been in the following Gauligen:

• Gauliga Baden (without the clubs from the southern half)
• Gauliga Bayern
• Gauliga Kurhessen
• Gauliga Hessen-Nassau
• Gauliga Württemberg

In addition to the Oberliga Süd, four other Oberligas were formed in Germany in the 1940s.

• Oberliga West (formed in 1947)
• Oberliga Nord (formed in 1947)
• Oberliga Berlin (formed in 1945, originally with clubs from west and east Berlin)
• Oberliga Südwest (formed in 1945)

Set below the Oberliga were originally the Landesligas of Hessen, Bayern, Württemberg and Nordbaden, from 1950 also Südbaden. From 1950 the 2nd Oberliga Süd was formed as an intermediate between Oberliga and Landesligas.

With the reintroduction of the German championship in 1948, the winner and runners-up of the Oberliga Süd went on to the finals tournament with the other Oberliga champions. In 16 attempts the Oberliga Süd managed to win it six times.

In 1950, the southern group of the Oberliga Südwest was disbanded and its clubs joined the Southern German Football Association. The SSV Reutlingen and the FC Singen 04 joined the Oberliga Süd, SV Tübingen, Freiburger FC and Vfl Konstanz were integrated into the new 2nd Oberliga Süd and the other eleven clubs were relegated to the Amateurliga.

The Oberliga Süd had quite a few permanent clubs. The VfB Stuttgart, 1. FC Nuremberg, Eintracht Frankfurt, Kickers Offenbach, VfR Mannheim and FC Schweinfurt 05 played all of the 18 possible seasons in the league. The Karlsruher SC was also present for all 18 seasons but only by counting in both halves of the merger club.

Founding members of the Oberliga Süd

In order of finish:

• VfB Stuttgart
• 1. FC Nuremberg
• Stuttgarter Kickers
• TSV Schwaben Augsburg
• SV Waldhof Mannheim
• FC Bayern Munich
• FC Schweinfurt 05
• BC Augsburg
• TSV 1860 München
• FSV Frankfurt
• Eintracht Frankfurt
• Kickers Offenbach
• SpVgg Fürth
• VfR Mannheim
• Phönix Karlsruhe
• Karlsruher FV

Of those clubs, the Karlsruher FV has ceased to exist and the Phönix Karlsruhe is now the Karlsruher SC.

Disbanding of the Oberliga

With the introduction of the Bundesliga, five teams from the Oberliga Süd were admitted to the new Bundesliga. The remaining clubs went to the new Regionalliga Süd, one of five new second divisions.

The teams admitted to the Bundesliga were:

• TSV 1860 München (Champion Oberliga Süd 1963)
• 1. FC Nuremberg (Runners-up Oberliga Süd 1963)
• Eintracht Frankfurt (4th placed Oberliga Süd 1963)
• Karlsruher SC (5th placed Oberliga Süd 1963)
• VfB Stuttgart (6th placed Oberliga Süd 1963)

The 3rd placed team of the 1963 season, the FC Bayern München was not admitted as the German Football Association did not want two teams from the same city in the league and TSV 1860 München had qualified higher.

The following teams from the Oberliga went to the new Regionalliga:

• FC Bayern Munich
• Kickers Offenbach
• TSG Ulm 1846
• SpVgg Fürth
• Hessen Kassel
• FC Schweinfurt 05
• VfR Mannheim
• FC Bayern Hof
• SSV Reutlingen
• TSV Schwaben Augsburg
• BC Augsburg

Qualifying to the Bundesliga

The qualifying system for the new league was fairly complex. The league placings of the clubs playing in the Oberligen for the last ten seasons were taken into consideration, whereby results from 1952 to 1955 counted once, results from 1955 to 1959 counted double and results from 1959 to 1963 triple. A first place finish was awarded 16 points, a sixteenth place one point. Appearances in the German championship or DFB-Pokal finals were also rewarded with points. The five Oberliga champions of the 1962-63 season were granted direct access to the Bundesliga. All up, 46 clubs applied for the 16 available Bundesliga slots.

Following this system, by 11 January 1963, the DFB announced nine fixed clubs for the new league and reduced the clubs eligible for the remaining seven places to 20. Clubs within the same Oberliga that were separated by less than 50 points were considered on equal rank and the 1962-63 placing was used to determined the qualified team.^[3]

Of the thirteen clubs from this league applying, the 1. FC Nuremberg and Eintracht Frankfurt qualified early. Karlsruher SC and VfB Stuttgart held third and fourth place in the overall points ranking. Kickers Offenbach and FC Bayern Munich missed out to TSV 1860 Munich due to the latter winning the league in 1962–63 even though 1860 were 153 points behind Offenbach and 59 behind FC Bayern.^[4]

Points table:

• Source: DSFS Liga-Chronik (German), page: B 12, accessed: 4 November 2008
• ¹ denotes club was one of the nine selected on 11 January 1963.
• ² denotes club was one of the 20 taken into final selection.
• ³ denotes club was one of the 15 applicants which were removed from final selection.

Winners and runners-up of the Oberliga Süd

• Bold denotes team went on to win German championship.

Placings & overall table of the Oberliga Süd 1945 to 1963

Source:"Oberliga Süd". Das deutsche Fussball-Archiv. http://www.f-archiv.de/. Retrieved 2007-12-26. 

• VfB Mühlburg and Phönix Karlsruhe merged in 1952 to form Karlsruher SC.
• * denotes club played in the Oberliga Südwest until 1950.

Top scorers

Source: 50 Jahre Bayerischer Fussball-Verband. Vindelica Verlag. 1996. pp. 189. 

References

Sources

• Kicker Almanach, (German) The yearbook on German football from Bundesliga to Oberliga, since 1937, published by the Kicker Sports Magazine
• Süddeutschlands Fussballgeschichte in Tabellenform 1897-1988 (German) History of Southern German football in tables, publisher & author: Ludolf Hyll
• 100 Jahre Süddeutscher Fussball-Verband (German) 100-year-anniversary book of Southern German football Association, publisher: Vindelica Verlag, published: 1997
• Die Deutsche Liga-Chronik 1945-2005 (German) History of German football from 1945 to 2005 in tables, publisher: DSFS, published: 2006

External links

• (German) Das deutsche Fussball Archiv Historic German league tables
• (German) Oberliga Süd at Fussballdaten.de